Insulated pole and coil assembly and method of making same

ABSTRACT

A dynamoelectric machine pole and coil assembly having a magnetic pole member around which a preformed coil of insulated magnet wire is mounted. The assembly is characterized by including a plurality of preformed, extended corner sheets of insulating material that are positioned to extend around and beyond each of the corners of the magnetic pole member into overlapping relationship with adjacent extended corner sheets. The extended corner sheets are bonded to the pole member and to one another at their overlapped ends. Projecting tip portions on the magnetic pole member have their upper surfaces completely shielded from the energizing coil by lip parts of the extended corner insulating sheets. A felt piece impregnated with thermosetting resin is used to make a readily conformable corner section of the lip part. The cured piece is free of voids, so reinforces the insulation of the ground barrier of the assembly at the critical corner areas. A castable dielectric material forms a rigid body between the sheets of insulating maerial and the energizing coil to provide good thermal conduction for dissipating heat from the coil to the pole member. One aspect of the invention is a method for making a pole assembly with preformed sheets of insulating material so that each such sheet is provided with a relatively uniform, smooth lip surface including a corner section for each lip part of the insulating sheets so that they can be smoothly adhered to the surface of the magnetic pole member to which they conform closely in surface configuration, thereby to avoid the formation of air spaces between it and the associated coil when those components are assembled in operating position.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a pole and coil assembly for a dynamoelectricmachine and to a method for making such an assembly; more particularly,it relates to a salient pole assembly having an improved pole-to-coilground barrier and method for making same.

A variety of different pole and coil assemblies are known and used forconstructing dynamoelectric machine salient poles that are mechanicallystable in operation and include ground insulation barriers between anenergizing coil and a pole member of magnetic metal. In designing andbuilding such salient pole and coil assemblies several objectives arecommonly sought. For example, it is important to assure good structuralsupport of the coil on the magnetic pole member and to provide effectiveground insulation between the coil and the magnet metal of the poleassembly. While affording such objectives, a designer must also providemeans for effectively dissipating heat that is generated in the coilduring its operation. In that respect, it is common practice to attemptto improve thermal conduction between the coil and magnetic pole memberthereby to enable the pole member to act as a heat sink for the coil.

In view of such common objectives, currently conventional salient poleand coil assemblies typically have been designed to incorporatedielectric ground barriers and thermal conduction systems between thecoils and magnetic pole members in order to provide an optimumcombination of the desired characteristics, given the limitations andrequirements of the materials available to implement such designs. Atthe same time there exists a desire to further increase the ratedoutputs of dynamoelectric machines utilizing such salient poleassemblies. To achieve these desired increases, the field strength ofthe energizing coils in the pole assemblies must be increased. Suchlarger field currents impose greater insulating problems on the groundbarriers of the systems and also create a need for improved thermalconduction from the coils to adequately dissipate the added heatgenerated.

A number of different pole and coil assembly structures have beendeveloped in the past to solve the above-mentioned problems whileseeking to afford the noted design objectives. For example, poleenergizing coils have been wound with insulating tape and then tightlysecured around a magnetic pole member by driving wedges between the twocomponents of the assembly to tighten them and improve thermalconduction between them. That sort of relatively expensive and somewhatthermally inefficient system was followed by an improved pole and coilassembly construction in which a coil is wrapped with glass insulatingtape then is potted in insulating resin on the pole, to form anelectrically insulating shell around the entire assembly. Normally avacuum impregnation process is needed when practicing such aconstruction method, in order to avoid the formation of air pockets inthe impregnating resin, otherwise, the ground barrier might fail duringoperation of the assembly. Relatively recently, a system has beendeveloped for mounting a form wound coil on a magnetic pole member thenpouring casting compound between those two components to form a rigidstructure and to improve thermal conduction between them. Such a methodis described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,359,631, which issued on Dec. 26, 1967and is assigned to the same assignee as is the invention disclosedherein.

It is also known in the prior art to utilize articulated sheets ofinsulating material mounted between a magnetic pole member and anassociated energizing coil. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 830,419 whichissued on Sept. 4, 1906 discloses a field coil insulation system thatincludes a number of formed sheets of impregnated asbestos mountedaround an energizing field coil to protect the coil from deteriorationdue to normal exposure to weather and contaminants such as dirt andwater. U.S. Pat. No. 765,189 which issued on July 19, 1904 discloses atransformer coil insulation system that includes a number of plaitedcorner pieces comprising folded sheets of insulating paper that arearranged to completely cover the corners of the coil and insulate themfrom an associated magnetic member. U.S. Pat. No. 2,744,204 which issuedon May 1, 1956 and is assigned to the assignee of the present invention,discloses an electric coil and associated pole assembly in which spacersare mounted in corner recesses of a pole to complete a stress-relievedrectangular pole configuration so the coil positioned around the polewill form good thermal contact with essentially all of the encompassedpole surface. A coating of plastisol and non-hygroscopic glass mats ismounted around the pole before the energizing coil is positioned on itto hold the glass mats in intimate thermally conductive contact with thepole.

Inherent drawbacks common to such prior art pole and coil assemblies arethat they include creased or folded surfaces in the ground barrierinsulating materials, particularly where these materials are stretchedor folded to form corners in the barrier system. Also, those earliersystems typically required relatively thick layers of insulating matsbetween the coil and pole in an assembly. Such thick mats undesirablylimit the dissipation of coil-generated heat in the pole heat sink.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

A primary object of the invention is to provide a pole and coilassembly, and method for making it economically and reliably, to affordthe foregoing design objectives while avoiding the above-noted drawbacksof related prior art assemblies.

Another object of the invention is to provide a salient pole and coilassembly that has an insulating ground barrier which is improvedrelative to related prior art assemblies in that it provides extendedcorner members that conform smoothly to the angular surfaces of the poleand afford a void-free dielectric barrier in the high electrical stressareas at the pole corners.

A further object of the invention is to provide a dynamoelectric machinepole and coil assembly that is readily producible and has a desirablycompact appearance while providing excellent ground insulation betweenits energizing coil and magnetic pole member and at the same timeassures good thermal conduction between those components of theassembly.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a method for making adynamoelectric machine salient pole and coil assembly in a simplifiedconstruction that is easily and reliably producible on a mass productionbasis and affords excellent ground insulation between the magnetic polemember and energizing coil while affording good thermal conductionbetween those components.

Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent fromthe description of it that follows considered in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one preferred embodiment of the invention a dynamoelectric machinepole and coil assembly is constructed by mounting a plurality of sheetsof preformed insulating material on a magnetic pole member tosubstantially cover all of its corners and side surface areas, and tocover the coil-supporting surfaces of tip portions of the pole member.The respective sheets of insulating material are preformed to fitclosely around the associated corners of the magnetic pole member and toextend beyond those corners into overlapping relationship with the endsof adjoining formed sheets of insulating material extending fromadjacent corners of the magnetic pole member. An energizing coil havinga formed opening therein is fitted snugly over the magnetic pole memberand the sheets of insulating material mounted on it, then a thermallyconductive material is cast between the coil and the outer surfaces ofthe sheets of insulating paper to form a rigid pole and coil assemblythat possesses excellent heat dissipating properties and good groundinsulation for the coil. One aspect of the invention is a preferredmethod for forming the pole and coil assembly in easily performablemanufacturing steps that include cutting and molding sheets ofinsulating paper into desired extended-corner configurations, mountingthose extended-corner sheets on the respective corners of a magneticpole member, then positioning an energizing coil over the formed sheetsof insulating paper and casting an insulating resin having excellentthermal conduction properties between the preformed extended cornersheets and the inner periphery of the energizing coil.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partly in cross-section, of adynamoelectric machine salient pole and coil assembly including aplurality of preformed dielectric ground barriers positioned between themagnetic pole and the energizing coil.

FIG. 2 is a chart showing preferred method steps for practicing themethod of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In order to describe the invention, at the outset a preferred embodimentof a pole and coil assembly will be described with reference to FIG. 1,then a description will be given of a preferred method for fabricatingsuch an assembly. Accordingly, it will be seen that there is shown inFIG. 1 an insulated pole and coil assembly 1 that is suitable formounting as a salient pole in a dynamoelectric machine such as anelectric motor or generator. The preferred embodiment of the assemblyshown includes a pole member 2 that is formed of a plurality ofconventional punched laminations made of a suitable magnetic materialsuch as a grain-oriented steel of a type conventionally used tomanufacture such assemblies for dynamoelectric machines. The laminationsare flat, as shown, and are held in a tightly-compressed-togetherposition by a plurality of rivets or other suitable retaining means, inany well-known manner. In this particular embodiment, the pole memberhas a base portion 2A and two projecting tip portions 2B and 2C thatprotrude respectively from opposite sides of the base portion to defineleading and trailing edges of the pole. As is conventional, the tipportions and adjacent bottom surface of the pole base portion are curvedslightly to conform to the radius of curvature of an associated rotor(not shown) that will be mounted in conventional cooperatingrelationship with the salient pole assembly (and other such assemblies)when it is assembled in operating position in a dynamoelectric machine.The upper surfaces of the pole tip portions 2B and 2C are disposed,respectively, at essentially 90° to the sidewalls of the pole baseportion 2A in this form of the invention, but it will be recognized thatother angular orientations of these surfaces may be used in alternativetypes of pole assemblies.

An energizing coil 3 that is formed of commercially available insulatedmagnet wire is mounted on the pole member 2, as shown in FIG. 1. Toenable such mounting, the coil 3 has a central opening 3A formed in itin any suitable manner such that the coil opening fits closely aroundthe pole base portion 2A, essentially as shown. Such laminated magneticpole members and associated preformed energizing coils are commonlycombined in the general manner shown (except for the ground barriersystem and associated method described herein), so it is not believedthat a further detailed description of the parts of the illustratedembodiment is necessary to assure a full understanding of the invention.However, if the reader desires further explanation of such structures,reference may be made to any of the above-mentioned patents or to U.S.Pat. No. 3,182,383, which issued on May 11, 1965 and discloses a coilassembly in which a form wound coil is mounted on a laminated polestructure.

In order to provide a dielectric ground barrier between the pole member2 and the energizing coil 3, according to the invention, a plurality offormed sheets 4, 5, 6 and 7 of insulating material are mounted on thepole member 2, as shown in FIG. 1. Except for the relative lengths oftheir respective sides, each of the formed sheets 4-7 may be madesubstantially identical to one another; thus, only the unique featuresof formed sheet 4 will be described to afford a complete understandingof the invention. Sheet 4 is provided with a back part having sides 4Aand 4B disposed respectively at essentially right angles to one another.Sheet 4 also includes a lip part comprising a first section 4C, a secondsection 4D and a third section 4X. The third section 4X is bonded to thefirst and second sections in a manner that will be more fully describedbelow, after the remaining characteristic features of the pole and coilassembly 1 are explained. At this point, though, it should be noted thatthe third section 4X is characterized by a smooth surface configurationthat is conformed closely to the adjacent pole surface. Moreover, thethird section 4X is made of a molded, resin-saturated felt to form avoid-free dielectric barrier capable of insulating the coil from thepole in the corner areas thereof where high electrical stresses existafter the coil is energized.

When assembled in operating position, as shown in FIG. 1, the extendedcorner piece comprising insulating sheet 4, and each of the otherextended corner sheets 5-7, are mounted with their respective back parts(such as parts 4A, 4B) against the adjacent sides of the pole member 2so that the back parts of the insulating sheets extend around and apredetermined distance beyond the respective corners of the pole baseportion. Also, the lip parts of the respective corner pieces, orinsulating sheets, 4-7, are positioned to face the respective uppersurfaces of the pole tip portions 2B and 2C, that are juxtaposed withthe coil 3, as seen in FIG. 1. This arrangement of the insulating sheets4-7 positions the ends of each of the sheets in overlapping relationshipwith the ends of adjacent sheets as can be seen in the drawing. It ispreferred that the overlapping relationship in the embodiment of theinvention being described is such that at least one quarter inch of theend of the respective sheets overlap one another. Such an overlappingarrangement enables a desirably secure mechanical bond to be formedbetween the ends of the respective sheets 4-7 when they are adheredtogether and adhered to the pole 2 with a suitable dielectric,thermosetting resin, according to the method of the invention. Also,this arrangement results in the adjacent sheets 4-7 coveringsubstantially all of the sides and corners of the pole base portion 2Aand completely covers the upper surfaces of the pole tip portions 2B and2C, which are the surfaces of those tips closest to the coil 3 in thefinal assembled position of that component.

It should be understood that the lip sections 4C, 4D, which areintegrally formed with the back parts 4A and 4B, and the felt third lipsection 4X, which is adhered to the other lip sections, can all be madeto extend beyond the adjoining faces of the pole tip portions 2B, 2C andthe adjacent bottom surfaces of coil 3, as shown in FIG. 1, if it isdesirable to extend the electrical creepage or tracking paths betweenthose components. On the other hand, such an extended width of the lipsections of the insulating corner pieces 4-7, can be diminished, oressentially eliminated, in other applications of the invention, so thatthe lip sections only project between the pole tips 2B, 2C and theassociated coil 3, rather than significantly beyond those components.

In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 1, it can be seenthat insulating sheet 4 and the other sheets 5-7 have respective sides,e.g., back parts 4A and 4B, that extend beyond an adjacent corner of thepole member 2 by different lengths. The longer side (4B) of sheet 4 isdisposed at about 90° to the shorter side (4A) thereby to define agenerally L-shaped configuration around the corner of the pole member.Also, in this embodiment of the invention, the back parts (4A, 4B) andlip parts (comprising sections 4C, 4D and 4X) of each of the sheets 4-7are positioned at about 90° to each other. Moreover, the first lipsection 4C is made co-extensive in length with the shorter side 4A ofthe sheet 4, while the second lip section 4D is co-extensive in lengthwith the longer side 4B of sheet 4. The third lip section 4X is formedto define a corner that extends between the first and second lipsections 4C and 4D, as seen in FIG. 1. Of course, similar lip sectionsare formed on the other sheets 5-7 but are not specifically illustratedor described in detail here.

Each of the sheets of insulating material 4-7 in this embodiment of theinvention is formed of a calendered, commercially available Nomex(tradename of E. I. DuPont Company, Inc. of Wilmington, Del.) paper andis formed by bending the respective sheets into the configuration shownand cutting the corner areas of their respective lip parts to provide agap therein that is eventually filled by the third lip section (4X) asshown in FIG. 1. The respective third lip sections (4X, etc.) of therespective lip parts are each formed of a Nomex felt material that isalso commercially available, and is impregnated with a suitabledielectric, thermosetting resin that has desirably rapid curingcharacteristics. Although a number of suitable resins can be used inpracticing this portion of the invention, in the preferred embodimentillustrated the impregnating resin is generically described as anelectrical grade polyester resin. A commercially available productdesignation for that resin in G.E. IMPS #3405, which is available fromGeneral Electric Company, Schenectady, NY. An important feature of thethird lip section 4X, as thus formed according to the invention, is thatis conforms smoothly to the surface of the adjacent pole surfaces,thereby eliminating undesirable air gaps between those components of theassembly. Moreover, the section 4X, as it is molded and cured forms asolid dielectric ground barrier that is virtually free of pin-holevoids; thus, the dielectric strength of the extended corner members isexcellent in the critical pole corner areas where high electricalstresses exist.

In order to provide a secure gripping surface for the Nomex felt cornerthird lip section 4X, the adjacent ends of the first and second lipsections 4C and 4D are, respectively, provided with roughened areas,such as these illustrated by dotting the areas 4C' and 4D' of FIG. 1.The Nomex felt is pressed into form with the roughened areas 4C' and 4D'before being cured. Of course, in practicing alternative embodiments ofthe invention various suitable roughening techniques for preparing theends of the first and second section 4C and 4D of the lip part may beused to provide an improved gripping surface for the cured Nomex feltand saturating resin. Similarly, the bottom area of the back part 4A-4Bof the sheet 4, over which the corner third section 4X of the Nomex feltextends as described above can be roughened if desired. However, in thisembodiment of the invention no such roughening is used in the bottomarea of the back part 4A-4B, because it has been found that a suitablebond can be afforded by the use of heat and pressure applied to thesaturated felt. If a stronger bond is desired respective surfaces of thelip sections can all be roughened before the felt is adhered to them. Inthis embodiment a predetermined portion of the ends of the first andsecond sections 4C and 4D of the lip part and the bottom of the backpart 4A-4B are overlapped by the Nomex felt. That portion is equal toabout 1/4" in depth, i.e., extending in all directions from the gapbetween the ends of the first lip section 4C and the second lip section4D. In other embodiments of the invention somewhat greater or lesseroverlap with the corner third lip sections (4X) may be successfullyutilized. It is important, however, to form a complete and generallyuniform extended-corner dielectric layer between the energizing coil 3and the pole member 2; particularly, at the high electrical stress areasdefined by the sharp corners of the pole member. Thus, as can be seen inthe preferred embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 1, withthe corner third lip section 4X overlapped on the adjacent back part ofthe insulating sheet 4 by about 1/4 of an inch, the Nomex felt third lipsection 4X extends at least about 1/4 of an inch in all directions fromthe intersection of the corner defined by the first lip section 4B andthe second lip section 4D. The felt third lip section 4X is molded toconform closely to the configuration of the juxtaposed pole base and tipareas so it secures the entire extended corner member in the desiredsmooth, L-shaped form.

Now that the unique features of the pole and coil assembly of theinvention have been described in detail, reference will be made to FIG.2 of the drawing to explain a preferred sequence of steps to practicethe method of the invention. In order to construct a pole and coilassembly by this method, a pole member having a pole base portion andprotruding tip portions, such as those shown in the assembly of FIG. 1,is provided. It will be understood that such a pole can have a widevariety of different configurations and dimensions, including therectangular type of pole base portion shown in FIG. 1, or a pole baseportion that is essentially square in cross-section. Next, four sheetsof insulating material, such as calendered Nomex paper, are formed,respectively, with back parts and lip parts that are adapted to coverthe pole base and tip portions in the manner illustrated in FIG. 1. Thisforming operation can be accomplished by cutting the sheets ofinsulating material in predetermined patterns to define corner gaps thatwill be subsequently covered by Nomex felt third lip section sheets(4X), as seen in FIG. 1. Next, the edges of the cut sheets are bent toform them into the generally L-shaped configuration seen in FIG. 1, inwhich back parts (4A-4B) and the first, second and third sections ofeach lip part are defined. As noted above in the description of theassembly shown in FIG. 1, in some embodiments the respective ends of thefirst and second sections of the lip part adjacent to the third lipsection are roughened to provide a good gripping surface for theimpregnated Nomex felt to be applied thereto. However, in the mostpreferred method steps, the Nomex felt third lip section 4X is molded tothe other lip sections under heat and pressure to bond it theretowithout the need for roughening those surfaces.

A predetermined pattern of Nomex felt is cut to extend between the endsof the first and second lip sections 4C and 4D and to overlap those endsby about 1/4 of an inch and to extend about 1/4 of an inch over thebottom area of the back parts (4A, 4B) of the respective sheets. Theimpregnated Nomex felt is then molded to define a third lip section thatis essentially flat, smooth and conformed in shape to the pole base andtip portions next to it in its assembled position, as seen in FIG. 1.The resin in the felt third lip sections (4X) is then cured to stiffenand hold the extended corner parts in their respective L-shapedconfigurations. Finally, each of the sheets 4-7 is placed with its endsin overlapping relationship to the ends of adjacent similar sheets andeach sheet is adhered to the base portion 2A of the pole 2. When in thismounted position the sheets of insulating material are arranged to coverand bond to the sides of the base portion and the upper surfaces of thepole tip portions 2B and 2C, as generally seen in FIG. 1.

A suitable damming compound is positioned on the upper surface of therespective lip parts, as shown by the layers of compounds 10A and 10B inFIG. 1. Various damming compounds may be used but in the preferredembodiment of the invention a silica-filled BF₃ MEA catalyzedcycloaliphatic epoxy high viscosity thixotropic damming compound isemployed. A pre-formed energizing coil, such as the coil 3 shown in FIG.1, is then mounted around the pole 2, over the sheets of insulatingmaterial 4-7 and is pressed against the damming compound 10A and 10B tocompress it toward the upper surfaces of the pole tip portion 2B and 2C.

With the coil thus mounted on the pole, a major part of the spacebetween the coil 3 and the insulating sheets 4-7 is then filled with asuitable casting material 11 to thereby improve thermal conductionbetween the coil and pole. While a number of casting compounds may beused for this purpose, in the preferred embodiment of the invention thecasting material employed is a silica-filled dicyandiamide catalyzedbis-A epoxy. This is a relatively low viscosity casting compound and isfunctionally equivalent to a casting compound available commerciallyunder the tradename Amicon 925-12, which is available from AmiconCorporation.

Now that the structural features of the preferred embodiment of a poleand coil assembly of the invention have been described along with anexplanation of a preferred method for building such an assembly, theoperation of the invention will be clear to those skilled in the art. Ofcourse, various alterations in, and modifications of, the preferredembodiments described can be made without departing from the invention.Accordingly, it is our intention to encompass within the scope of thefollowing claims the true spirit and scope of the invention.

What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States is:
 1. An insulated pole and coil assembly for adynamoelectric machine, said assembly comprising a pole member having abase portion and two tip portions that protrude respectively fromopposite sides of said base portion, a coil of insulated magnet wirehaving a central opening formed therein and fitted closely around saidpole base portion, a plurality of formed sheets of insulating materialeach including a back part and a lip part, each of said sheets beingpositioned with its back part extending around and a predetermineddistance beyond a respective corner of said pole base portion with thelip parts of the respective sheets facing and conforming closely to theadjacent coil surface and the respective surfaces of the pole tipportions that are juxtaposed with said coil, thereby to insulate thecoil from the pole member by positioning the ends of each of said sheetsin overlapping relationship with the ends of adjacent sheets and tocover all of the sides and corners of said pole base portion that aresurrounded by said coil and to cover the surfaces of said pole tipportions closest to said coil.
 2. An invention as defined in claim 1 incombination with a rigid body of thermally conductive dielectricmaterial positioned between said coil and pole base portion along apredetermined side of said insulating sheets thereby to improve thermalconduction between the pole and coil.
 3. An invention as defined inclaim 2 wherein the respective sides of each of said sheets extendingbeyond an adjacent corner of said pole member have different lengths andits longer side is disposed at approximately 90° to the shorter side ofthe sheet to define a generally L-shaped configuration around a cornerof said pole base portion.
 4. An invention as defined in claim 3 whereinthe back and lip parts of each of said sheets are positioned about 90°to one another and the lip part of each of said sheets comprises a firstsection co-extensive in length with said shorter side of the sheet, asecond section co-extensive in length with the longer side of said sheetand a third section formed to define a corner that extends between saidfirst and second sections.
 5. An invention as defined in claim 4 whereinsaid back part and the first and second lip sections of each sheet areformed of a single sheet of insulating paper, and the third section ofthe lip part of each sheet is formed of a separate piece of insulatingmaterial.
 6. An invention as defined in claim 5 wherein each of saidseparate pieces of insulating material respectively forming the thirdsections of the lip parts of said insulating sheets comprises a sheet offelt material impregnated with thermo-setting insulating resin.
 7. Aninvention as defined in claim 6 wherein each of said third sections ofthe respective lip parts of said formed sheets of insulating material ispositioned to overlap a predetermined portion of the ends of the firstand second sections of the lip part adjacent thereto.
 8. An invention asdefined in claim 7 wherein each third section of the respective lipparts of said formed sheets of insulating material is positioned tooverlap a predetermined portion of the back part of said sheet ofinsulating material adjacent to said third section.
 9. An invention asdefined in claim 8 wherein the predetermined portions of said first andsecond lip sections that are overlapped by said third lip sectioninclude about 1/4 inch of the respective ends of said first and secondsections and said predetermined portion of the back part overlapped bysaid third section of the lip part extends about 1/4 inch in alldirections from the intersection of the corner defined by said first andsecond sections of the lip part.